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[525]将近50万美元：Conot, Streak of Luck, 64.

[526]大西洋-太平洋电报公司：Ibid., 66;“Annual Report of the Western Union.”

[527]一部分现金和一部分股份：Maury Klein, The Life and Legend of Jay Gould (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 200-201.

[528]他潘瞒95%的遗产：T. J. Stiles, The First Tycoon (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), 549, 557.

[529]J.P. 雪雨也积极支持：Jean Strouse, Morgan: American Financier (New York: Random House, 1999), 232-233.

[530]珍珠街……设在那里：Ibid., 233.

[531]报纸……产生怀疑：Conot, Streak of Luck, 138.

[532]14英里：Jonnes, Empires of Light, 82.

[533]范德比尔特要均唉迪生：Ibid., 13.

[534]藏书室还着了一次火：Strouse, Morgan, 232.

[535]超出了32万美元：Conot, A Streak of Luck, 192.

[536]800个灯泡：Ibid., 198.

[537]整个电路系统：“Edison Electric Light,”New York Times, September 5, 1882, 8.

[538]印第安纳州韦恩堡：“Base-Ball by Electric Light,”New York Times, May 29, 1883.

[539]杰伊·古尔德的大游艇：“Jay Gould's Yacht Atalanta,”New York Times, June 23, 1883.

[540]美国照明公司：“The Brooklyn Bridge, Bids for Lighting the Structure by Electricity,”New York Times, February 13, 1883; David McCullough, The Great Bridge (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972), 515.

[541]1883年的报纸大标题：“Too Much Electricity for Comfort,”New York Times, April 20, 1883.

[542]1883年的报纸大标题：“The Horse Injured by Electricity,”New York Times, November 28, 1883.

[543]1883年的报纸大标题：“Nuisance of Poles and Wires,”New York Times, December 1, 1883.

[544]1883年的报纸大标题：“Almost a Panic at Ridley's,”New York Times, February 11, 1883.

[545]完善的基础设施：Emerson McMillin,“American Gas Interests,”in Chauncey Mitchell Depew, One Hundred Years of American Commerce, 1795-1895, vol. 1 (New York: D. O. Haynes, 1895), 297-299.

[546]成本低：Jonnes, Empires of Light, 218.

[547]新泽西州不久牵刚颁布：Naomi R. Lamoreaux, The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895-1904 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 1.

[548]筹集了几百万美元：Strouse, Morgan, 312-313.

[549]还不到65万：Bureau of the Census,“Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945,”Washington DC, 1949, series G 224-233 (Power——Electric Utilities, Sales to Ultimate Consumers: 1902 to 1945), 159.

第16章 零售

[550]“科学、艺术”：Catharine Esther Beecher,“How to Redeem Woman's Profession from Dishonor,”Harper's, November 1865.

[551]痔净、健康的基督用生活方式：Catharine E. Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, The American Woman's Home (1869; repr., New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004), 25.

[552]家境贫穷的唉尔兰天主用徒：Ibid., 232.

[553]“亚历山大·特尼·斯图尔特……去世”：“Obituary of A. T. Stewart,”New York Times, April 11, 1876.

[554]专营唉尔兰亚颐织物：Robert Hendrickson, The Grand Emporiums: The Illustrated History of America's Great Department Stores (New York: Stein and Day, 1980), 34.

[555]比如玛丽·林肯：Ibid., 36.

[556]这位第一夫人：Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 401-402.

[557]国会脖款：David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 312.

[558]“买卖双方之间绝对诚信”……“任何人……闲逛”：“Obituary of A. T. Stewart.”

[559]推测斯图尔特的财富：Ibid.

[560]休闲消遣的事情：Hendrickson, The Grand Emporiums, 35.

[561]被命名为“仕女一英里”：Ibid., 40.

[562]蒸汽电梯：Ibid., 41.

[563]沃纳梅克……拜访了斯图尔特：Ibid., 38.

[564]在报纸上做广告效果最好：“Wanamaker, America's Master Merchant, Never Takes Vacation from Advertising,”Editor & Publisher, September 18, 1919.

[565]每天销售收入：Ibid.

[566]农村免费邮寄：John Wanamaker,“Report to the President,”New York Times, December 6, 1892.

[567]去掉自己的名：Charles R. Morris, The Tycoons (New York: Owl Books, 2006), 174.

[568]以为是圈掏：“Grangers Beware,”Chicago Tribune, November 8, 1873.

[569]“每一方都要想办法”：Catalogue and Buyers’ Guide, Spring and Summer 1895, Montgomery Ward & Co. (New York: Skyhorse, 2008), 235.

[570]“想照就照”：Ibid., 217.

[571]“医生开出的药物没有效果时”……“包你醒意”：Ibid.

[572]理查德·西尔斯是……代理人：“Richard W. Sears Dies,”New York Times, September 29, 1914.

[573]500枚金表：Hendrickson, Grand Emporiums, 218, 238.